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Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)
(詳細はBritish Supermarine Spitfire was facing several challenges by mid-1942. The debut of the formidable Focke-Wulf Fw 190 in late 1941 had caused problems for RAF fighter squadrons flying the latest Spitfire Mk Vb.〔McKinstry 2007, pp. 278–279.〕 By this time Rolls-Royce engineers were already working on a new version of the Merlin incorporating two-stage superchargers; the combination of the improved Merlins and the Spitfire Mk VC airframe in a "stop-gap" design allowed the RAF to combat the Fw 190 on equal terms. In a second stream of development Supermarine was working on an improved, reinforced Spitfire airframe which incorporated several new features and was designed specifically for the Merlin 60 and 70 series engines.〔Price 1982, p. 171.〕 This new airframe later formed the basis for the Rolls-Royce Griffon powered Spitfires.
This article presents a history of the Spitfire powered by two-stage engine variants and also describes some of the "drawing board" projects and experimental Spitfires. The Griffon powered variants are described in a separate article.
==Wing types==
The majority of the Spitfires from the Mk VIII on, used three basic wing types; C through to the E types
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